Wedding Invitation Format For Friends

abusive, violent and cheaters? Those damned card players

We are pleased to host a tax on playing cards in the Rome of the Popes, of Morena Dr Marina, of the State:
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The "leisure"? The very idea of \u200b\u200bfree time in ages past did not exist. It 's a modern concept, related to the current organization of work. It is argued that, after all, is not only a means to ease the psychological and social tensions, and improve the performance of the work itself.
In Rome, in the past, as well as entertainment organized by the community (festivities, carnival, bingo, rides, horse races ...) was a popular pastime of playing cards, popular in Europe since the end of the fourteenth century, and that in the fifteenth century experienced a considerable expansion thanks to the birth of the art of printing. But some aspects
transgressive related to certain card games at once attracted the attention of the rulers. The habit of betting money, the fact that winning depended on luck, and behaviors related to gambling, causing a fury as to lead those who practiced in an idle life, prone to blasphemy, theft and fights. The foul language and strong words were common among the players, as evidenced by the Belli. And even a simple word, referring to the priest, who then watched the costumes, even lead to a fine (Penalty , December 3, 1832):

...giucanno co ccerti vitturini,
come me vedde vince un lammertini,
disse pe ffoja: "Eh bbuggiarà Ssantaccia!"

Ovvero, giocando [a carte] con alcuni vetturini, quando mi vidi vincere [dal mio avversario] un Lambertini [moneta d'argento di 2 paoli], sbottai per l'ira: "E vada a farsi fottere Santaccia!" [figura proverbiale di prostituta a Roma].

In particolare la bestemmia, abitualmente in bocca al giocatore, era considerata un reato very serious Catholic morality. As reflected in the general notice, issued periodically to remind people that everything was forbidden. Blasphemy was a crime that was mentioned first. And that was related to playing cards remind us not only a sonnet by Belli (see below: Er padraccio ), but also signs posted until a few decades ago in the taverns of the country or city where they played cards: "Players are asked not to swear!"

Penalties? Who offends God, Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary and the Saints was punished the first time with three whipping in public, the second with the public whip, the third with five years in prison. It is not admitted as a mitigating lo stato di ubriachezza, o l’eccesso di collera.
Barattieri, giocatori, osti e bari costituivano un microcosmo che ruotava intorno al gioco, diffusissimo sia fra i nobili che fra i popolani.

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La rapida diffusione delle carte da gioco, aveva persuaso alla fine del secolo XVI “er papa tosto” Sisto V a tassare questo settore. Detto, fatto. Si delegò ad un appaltatore privato il diritto esclusivo a fabbricare, bollare e vendere le carte da gioco. In cambio egli avrebbe pagato una somma consistente, che Sisto V volle assegnare come rendita all’Ospedale dei poveri mendicanti (il suo San Sisto). Anche più tardi la politica dei papi fu ambigua, sempre in bilico fra tolleranza, not to give up revenues, and severity, so it is often banned the games for the known phenomena of social unrest.
Playing cards to be sold and be able to move to Rome in the Papal States and from then on was to have the stamp. The idea was so successful to get there, with various corrections, to our times.
There were two types of stamps for the cards: those clusters which were used at home and one for the bouquets that were used in public places.
This organization often results in violations of: the constant use of cards contraband better and cheaper, the use of non-branded decks, etc. (see below the header of one of the many Edicts against false papers).

m
noble and wealthy classes for a few games of cards were a pastime fashionable to spend time playing in the luxury homes, at parties and dances, picnics, or in cafes, billiards. There are reports of large aristocratic estates were lost on the gambling table.
The Roman populace, despite the limited means available, was characterized by a constant desire for pleasure, in contrast to the difficult living conditions. And so every space was good to pull out a deck of cards in the market square, close to churches and fountains, the "play straight" (Fields bowls) and in taverns.

For reasons of public order, over the centuries, Roma were repeatedly banned card games in the streets and squares, and inns, where they drank the classic fojetta * of wine and turned to prostitutes. We can imagine the anger, and complaints from contractors on duty, who saw their profits so curtailed. They were ubiquitous in Rome in the nineteenth century the shops of playing cards.
Finally, a curiosity at the time of Belli, after many vicissitudes, the sector that was responsible for brand playing cards had been entrusted to its administration of stamp duty and registration (just the office where Bell had worked from 1813 to 1828 ).
How much of this is found in the Sonnets Belli? Without any distinction between the people, nobles and priests of the Rome Belli attended the inn, play cards and curse (not just playing cards). In fact, the sonnets are a major source of knowledge for use in the games in the nineteenth century. Belli fact on several occasions mentioned the card games of the day: Pharaoh zecchinetto, trump, tressette, primero, nose-and-primero, a merchant at the fair.

A sonnet by Belli, entitled ccarte The game is dedicated to a gamer than that of a friend posing as experts, but instead is a duffer, he says that the game has "donated" , ma in realtà di ogni perdita fa un dramma, bestemmiando a più non posso:
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LA PARTITA A CCARTE
Arigalata, eccí! cche bber rampino!
Vedi un po’ de vennécce er zol d’agosto!
Tu mmó a sto ggioco sce fai tanto er tosto,
e nu la vôi capí cche ssei schiappino.
Inzomma è ppatto-fatto c’a ’gni costo
hai da vince ogni sera er tu’ lustrino.
Ma nun zai stacce un cazzo ar tavolino.
Và ar muricciolo, và, quello è ’r tu’ posto.
Guarda io, che cco ttutta la mi’ jjella
pago com’un zignore la mi’ pujja
senza ariscallamme of the bbudella.
E nun Fò ccom'e tte tAll bbujja is, that when you see a little
de svenarella, you
bbiastími er pastèco and E lelujja.
Rome, November 19, 1832 .

version. The game of cards. Donated, you say? ECCI! What a great excuse! Do not try to sell us the sun of August! Now you do in this game as the expert, but I do not want to understand you're a duffer. In short, what is a contract, every night you have to win at all costs, your spangle [bold, half paul silver]? But you can not stay at the table: it 'the wall, it should be,' what è il tuo posto. Guarda me, con tutta la mia sfortuna pago come un signore il mio gettone senza riscaldarmi le budella. E non faccio come fai tu tutto questo lamento, che appena vedi che inizia una perdita continua ti metti a bestemmiare il pax tecum e l’alleluja. .

La popolare zecchinetta ( v. l'incisione del Pinelli ), o zecchinetto per il Belli, e la sua variante forse più aristocratica detta faraone, erano giochi d’azzardo per eccellenza. Come tali duramente puniti se scoperti dalle guardie. Ma anche nel Belli il riferimento al gioco è utilizzato comunque sempre per descrivere la zona buia del personaggio in questione. Così è per il padre giocatore which does not perform the duties of father (in s. Er Padraccio ):
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ER PADRACCIO
fiijj Dress them? him! Santa pascenza! What he co
cc'entra Carzone them broken? A
llui j'abbasta of Anna
reduced them to a ggiucà zzecchinetto; here to ppenza That Shakes.
had, I screamed cquanno? hearing as he was giving me
Pope gives them a rretta sciarlotti.
Bbisoggna me that I abbíla iggnotti;
nun's cave from ago, Vincenza IES. All
er I 'study is that God ppregà vvinchi.
Noh cc'allora sce hope quarc'ajjuto
ppe but it will ave mmeno prison in the shins. That I know
bbestiaccia ar fur;
quanno and again which has the CCAS pperduto,
My Sister Vincenza, òprete choice!

April 14, 1835.
version. The bad father. Dress the children, he? Santa patience! What he has to do with his trousers broken? He just go in the rooms to play zecchinetta; here that thinks. Well, when I yelled? I hear how to listen to the Pope gives ciarlotti [bird species: proverb]. Need me I swallow the bile, there is nothing else to do, Mrs. Vincent. My whole concern And pray to God he wins. Not if you hope to get some help, but to have less kick in the shins. I know the beast from the game: when he comes home and lost, my lady Vincenza, hell broke loose!
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The same can be said to represent the bleak picture of the Roman priests in s. Li Chirici of 29 November 1833. Here in particular it may be less religious (perhaps fulfilling the duties of sacristan, said in a statement of Vigouroux, but elsewhere Belli uses the term "sacristan")
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Li Chirici de Rome, Crosc and thorns! Where you go digging
ppeggio gginìa?
A pimp, a cat, a lamp ... inzomma canajja
an endless
ggiucheno to zzecchinetto in zagrestia ...
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version. The clergy of Rome, the cross and thorns! Where are you going to dig worst race? Is a pimp, a thief, a spy, a rogue ... so endless play zecchinetta
... to the sacristy.
And finally, the privileged world of the nobles in Bbonifiscenza (the second sonnet by that title, that of April 5, 1836), which are under the false name of "charity" the papal administration squandered many painstakingly collected money, even a pension, to entertain with a game of cards Princess Chigi.
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Fifty months shields ar na de penzion
to frascica de withered crone,
ppe 'mmetteli up an ace ar Pharaoh.
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version. Fifty crowns a month pension to a rotten old woman of vice, to be able to bet on an ace to Pharaoh.

MARINA MORENA

IMAGES. 1. The Knight of Cups (card game produced by C. Roxas, 1810). The English-style cards were also popular in Rome, there are no cards "Roman." 2. "Groups of idlers, playing zecchinetta in Rome" (engraving by B. Pinelli, 1816, part.). From an original in the State Archive, Rome: New collection of 50 colorful costumes etched by Bartolomeo Pinelli. 3. An old Italian card game: King of Swords. 4. Playing cards Viterbo, of Scipio Moscatelli, produced by hand, throughout the nineteenth century and until the early decades of the twentieth century. They were sold in Rome. 5. An edict against the smuggling of playing cards, that is, without revenue.

* Small clear transparent glass bottle 500 ml flared mouth, dial the exact size and the letters state. Typical of Rome and the Marche. It was in fact introduced to limit the applicants fraud of the hosts, the Pope Sixtus V. Marche