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abusive, violent and cheaters? Those damned card players

We are pleased to host a tax on playing cards in the Rome of the Popes, of Morena Dr Marina, of the State:
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The "leisure"? The very idea of \u200b\u200bfree time in ages past did not exist. It 's a modern concept, related to the current organization of work. It is argued that, after all, is not only a means to ease the psychological and social tensions, and improve the performance of the work itself.
In Rome, in the past, as well as entertainment organized by the community (festivities, carnival, bingo, rides, horse races ...) was a popular pastime of playing cards, popular in Europe since the end of the fourteenth century, and that in the fifteenth century experienced a considerable expansion thanks to the birth of the art of printing. But some aspects
transgressive related to certain card games at once attracted the attention of the rulers. The habit of betting money, the fact that winning depended on luck, and behaviors related to gambling, causing a fury as to lead those who practiced in an idle life, prone to blasphemy, theft and fights. The foul language and strong words were common among the players, as evidenced by the Belli. And even a simple word, referring to the priest, who then watched the costumes, even lead to a fine (Penalty , December 3, 1832):

...giucanno co ccerti vitturini,
come me vedde vince un lammertini,
disse pe ffoja: "Eh bbuggiarà Ssantaccia!"

Ovvero, giocando [a carte] con alcuni vetturini, quando mi vidi vincere [dal mio avversario] un Lambertini [moneta d'argento di 2 paoli], sbottai per l'ira: "E vada a farsi fottere Santaccia!" [figura proverbiale di prostituta a Roma].

In particolare la bestemmia, abitualmente in bocca al giocatore, era considerata un reato very serious Catholic morality. As reflected in the general notice, issued periodically to remind people that everything was forbidden. Blasphemy was a crime that was mentioned first. And that was related to playing cards remind us not only a sonnet by Belli (see below: Er padraccio ), but also signs posted until a few decades ago in the taverns of the country or city where they played cards: "Players are asked not to swear!"

Penalties? Who offends God, Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary and the Saints was punished the first time with three whipping in public, the second with the public whip, the third with five years in prison. It is not admitted as a mitigating lo stato di ubriachezza, o l’eccesso di collera.
Barattieri, giocatori, osti e bari costituivano un microcosmo che ruotava intorno al gioco, diffusissimo sia fra i nobili che fra i popolani.

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La rapida diffusione delle carte da gioco, aveva persuaso alla fine del secolo XVI “er papa tosto” Sisto V a tassare questo settore. Detto, fatto. Si delegò ad un appaltatore privato il diritto esclusivo a fabbricare, bollare e vendere le carte da gioco. In cambio egli avrebbe pagato una somma consistente, che Sisto V volle assegnare come rendita all’Ospedale dei poveri mendicanti (il suo San Sisto). Anche più tardi la politica dei papi fu ambigua, sempre in bilico fra tolleranza, not to give up revenues, and severity, so it is often banned the games for the known phenomena of social unrest.
Playing cards to be sold and be able to move to Rome in the Papal States and from then on was to have the stamp. The idea was so successful to get there, with various corrections, to our times.
There were two types of stamps for the cards: those clusters which were used at home and one for the bouquets that were used in public places.
This organization often results in violations of: the constant use of cards contraband better and cheaper, the use of non-branded decks, etc. (see below the header of one of the many Edicts against false papers).

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noble and wealthy classes for a few games of cards were a pastime fashionable to spend time playing in the luxury homes, at parties and dances, picnics, or in cafes, billiards. There are reports of large aristocratic estates were lost on the gambling table.
The Roman populace, despite the limited means available, was characterized by a constant desire for pleasure, in contrast to the difficult living conditions. And so every space was good to pull out a deck of cards in the market square, close to churches and fountains, the "play straight" (Fields bowls) and in taverns.

For reasons of public order, over the centuries, Roma were repeatedly banned card games in the streets and squares, and inns, where they drank the classic fojetta * of wine and turned to prostitutes. We can imagine the anger, and complaints from contractors on duty, who saw their profits so curtailed. They were ubiquitous in Rome in the nineteenth century the shops of playing cards.
Finally, a curiosity at the time of Belli, after many vicissitudes, the sector that was responsible for brand playing cards had been entrusted to its administration of stamp duty and registration (just the office where Bell had worked from 1813 to 1828 ).
How much of this is found in the Sonnets Belli? Without any distinction between the people, nobles and priests of the Rome Belli attended the inn, play cards and curse (not just playing cards). In fact, the sonnets are a major source of knowledge for use in the games in the nineteenth century. Belli fact on several occasions mentioned the card games of the day: Pharaoh zecchinetto, trump, tressette, primero, nose-and-primero, a merchant at the fair.

A sonnet by Belli, entitled ccarte The game is dedicated to a gamer than that of a friend posing as experts, but instead is a duffer, he says that the game has "donated" , ma in realtà di ogni perdita fa un dramma, bestemmiando a più non posso:
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LA PARTITA A CCARTE
Arigalata, eccí! cche bber rampino!
Vedi un po’ de vennécce er zol d’agosto!
Tu mmó a sto ggioco sce fai tanto er tosto,
e nu la vôi capí cche ssei schiappino.
Inzomma è ppatto-fatto c’a ’gni costo
hai da vince ogni sera er tu’ lustrino.
Ma nun zai stacce un cazzo ar tavolino.
Và ar muricciolo, và, quello è ’r tu’ posto.
Guarda io, che cco ttutta la mi’ jjella
pago com’un zignore la mi’ pujja
senza ariscallamme of the bbudella.
E nun Fò ccom'e tte tAll bbujja is, that when you see a little
de svenarella, you
bbiastími er pastèco and E lelujja.
Rome, November 19, 1832 .

version. The game of cards. Donated, you say? ECCI! What a great excuse! Do not try to sell us the sun of August! Now you do in this game as the expert, but I do not want to understand you're a duffer. In short, what is a contract, every night you have to win at all costs, your spangle [bold, half paul silver]? But you can not stay at the table: it 'the wall, it should be,' what è il tuo posto. Guarda me, con tutta la mia sfortuna pago come un signore il mio gettone senza riscaldarmi le budella. E non faccio come fai tu tutto questo lamento, che appena vedi che inizia una perdita continua ti metti a bestemmiare il pax tecum e l’alleluja. .

La popolare zecchinetta ( v. l'incisione del Pinelli ), o zecchinetto per il Belli, e la sua variante forse più aristocratica detta faraone, erano giochi d’azzardo per eccellenza. Come tali duramente puniti se scoperti dalle guardie. Ma anche nel Belli il riferimento al gioco è utilizzato comunque sempre per descrivere la zona buia del personaggio in questione. Così è per il padre giocatore which does not perform the duties of father (in s. Er Padraccio ):
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ER PADRACCIO
fiijj Dress them? him! Santa pascenza! What he co
cc'entra Carzone them broken? A
llui j'abbasta of Anna
reduced them to a ggiucà zzecchinetto; here to ppenza That Shakes.
had, I screamed cquanno? hearing as he was giving me
Pope gives them a rretta sciarlotti.
Bbisoggna me that I abbíla iggnotti;
nun's cave from ago, Vincenza IES. All
er I 'study is that God ppregà vvinchi.
Noh cc'allora sce hope quarc'ajjuto
ppe but it will ave mmeno prison in the shins. That I know
bbestiaccia ar fur;
quanno and again which has the CCAS pperduto,
My Sister Vincenza, òprete choice!

April 14, 1835.
version. The bad father. Dress the children, he? Santa patience! What he has to do with his trousers broken? He just go in the rooms to play zecchinetta; here that thinks. Well, when I yelled? I hear how to listen to the Pope gives ciarlotti [bird species: proverb]. Need me I swallow the bile, there is nothing else to do, Mrs. Vincent. My whole concern And pray to God he wins. Not if you hope to get some help, but to have less kick in the shins. I know the beast from the game: when he comes home and lost, my lady Vincenza, hell broke loose!
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The same can be said to represent the bleak picture of the Roman priests in s. Li Chirici of 29 November 1833. Here in particular it may be less religious (perhaps fulfilling the duties of sacristan, said in a statement of Vigouroux, but elsewhere Belli uses the term "sacristan")
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Li Chirici de Rome, Crosc and thorns! Where you go digging
ppeggio gginìa?
A pimp, a cat, a lamp ... inzomma canajja
an endless
ggiucheno to zzecchinetto in zagrestia ...
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version. The clergy of Rome, the cross and thorns! Where are you going to dig worst race? Is a pimp, a thief, a spy, a rogue ... so endless play zecchinetta
... to the sacristy.
And finally, the privileged world of the nobles in Bbonifiscenza (the second sonnet by that title, that of April 5, 1836), which are under the false name of "charity" the papal administration squandered many painstakingly collected money, even a pension, to entertain with a game of cards Princess Chigi.
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Fifty months shields ar na de penzion
to frascica de withered crone,
ppe 'mmetteli up an ace ar Pharaoh.
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version. Fifty crowns a month pension to a rotten old woman of vice, to be able to bet on an ace to Pharaoh.

MARINA MORENA

IMAGES. 1. The Knight of Cups (card game produced by C. Roxas, 1810). The English-style cards were also popular in Rome, there are no cards "Roman." 2. "Groups of idlers, playing zecchinetta in Rome" (engraving by B. Pinelli, 1816, part.). From an original in the State Archive, Rome: New collection of 50 colorful costumes etched by Bartolomeo Pinelli. 3. An old Italian card game: King of Swords. 4. Playing cards Viterbo, of Scipio Moscatelli, produced by hand, throughout the nineteenth century and until the early decades of the twentieth century. They were sold in Rome. 5. An edict against the smuggling of playing cards, that is, without revenue.

* Small clear transparent glass bottle 500 ml flared mouth, dial the exact size and the letters state. Typical of Rome and the Marche. It was in fact introduced to limit the applicants fraud of the hosts, the Pope Sixtus V. Marche

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SPQR, Rome and the priests. That's really mean this symbol

What do you mean? That is an irresistible invitation for puns. In every age to be silly or taberna thermopolium (today we would call "bar"), mostly in the province - alas, naively confident, capable of anything and without shame, typical of provincial - have always exercised the beautiful and proud symbol denoting Res Publica, namely the rule of ancient Rome: SPQR.
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What does this mean acronym formed from the initials of other words (from the ancient greek Akron = end and onoma = name)? As yet few people know, means Senatus Romanus Populusque : the Senate and (this is the appended to a name, which is et, atque or ac set before but disconnected), the Roman People, the two entities that had the constitutional power and politics. A diarchy founded on the right, brilliantly anticipating the modern liberal democracies.
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Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, wrote a fine essay on "word games" and "jokes", especially when the italianuzzo medium, wrongly believes to be witty, believed to excel, as we hear in the corridors of all offices from Trepalle Pantelleria. There is no Roman used today, for example, that still does not say "olive dorce" (sweet olive) instead of "goodbye", imitating Laurel and Hardy. Not to mention the painfully imaginative signs of shops on the Peninsula, from " Shoes diem" for a shoe shop, and the ironic "Not only flowers for a florist that sells flowers, but only up to twice Kitsch brilliant" Cinecittà "for a Chinese store things in a street dedicated to a film director ... What about "Dots, dots ...", is the tailor shop of a friend of mine. Now open a business is to fall in some lexical gaffe, and make a joke when you have inadequate means falling into a fool.

The marks, then, have always stimulated the imagination of the people satirical. The plate SCV Vatican City, usually combined with luxury cars dark representation, it is obviously viewed by the Romans, who have never been tender with the clergy, "If Christ could see." Natural that the ancient SPQR was open to many interpretations. A legend from the Internet, of course unfounded and anachronistic, wants begin the Sabines, north of Rome, proud and tough as the mountain people, to interpret as SPQR, none "Sabinis Populis Resistet Quis? " ie" Who can resist the Sabine peoples? "Anyone. In fact, they were soon defeated and assimilated by the Romans. What then were the toughest of all people, other than those mollaccioni today. And woe to confuse , as they do today in the provincial jokes, then the Romans with the Romans of today. How to move from fire to water, from iron to the ricotta.

It is an old habit: the usual-nothing good to lovers of satire market and without criminal charges, certainly medieval Roman, were invented even a "Stultus Populus Quaerit Romam" , or "People are foolish love Rome."

We all, as children, especially a Roma, ma anche in parecchi luoghi al Sud e al Nord, abbiamo scherzato su una sigla per noi familiare che sta dappertutto: dal sinbolo del Municipio in Campidoglio, allo stemma dell’Azienda Tranviaria ATAC, fino ai tombini dell’acqua e delle fognature. Senza contare le iscrizioni su lapidi e architravi antichi. Ma da piccoli. Naturale che all’asilo, a sei anni di età, e proprio a Roma, ci si consideri spiritosi e anticonformisti con "Sono Porci Questi Romani". Non credo che a Bergamo, a Bari, Sassari o a Enna i bambini di sei anni farebbero altrettanto spirito con la sigla della propria città. C’è anche una graduatoria nella naturale stoltezza dei bambini: ebbene, i piccoli romani sembrano in questo un po' più self-ironic, therefore, wiser, their provincial counterparts. Hence a note of praise for children compulsory Romans, despite all the evil that can think of today's Romans, that is, Puglia, Sicily, Naples, Marche, Lazio, Abruzzo, Calabria, Umbria, Sardinia, etc.., That more or less abusive live (live), and without giving thanks, in Rome. And, conversely, with all the good that we think of ancient Romans.

But when they do the spirits as Roman children, the elderly gentlemen of the province, in this case the North? That did not impress too late to be funny with a joke, 80 or 250 years ago, already in 800 and was no longer laughing today a Roma ripetono solo i bambini dell'asilo, un politicante provinciale, anzi il simbolo stesso dei provinciali furbi che hanno fatto una carriera fondata sul nulla, senza avere nessuna eccellenza, senza saper far nulla nella vita (e sempre con la stessa mentalità ristretta), passando come se niente fosse dal paesotto alla Metropoli, in cui possono finalmente comandare senza farsi ridere dietro da compaesani, figli, parenti e moglie (in questo caso, guarda caso, siciliana: province di Nord e Sud unite).

D’altra parte, perfino il Comune di Roma utilizza facendo lo spiritoso la propria sigla (impropria, perché ora Roma non è uno Stato a sé, ma è solo uno degli 8000 comuni dell’Italia, e quindi non has a Senate, and even more fake and ridiculous "senators" of the Middle Ages), and invents the awareness campaign for young volunteers for the protection of cultural and artistic heritage, with lots of error of Italian, a noun instead of the 'imperative to "preserve, protect, qualifications Rome." Long live

Belli, then, that in his most productive period gives the initials SPQR a brilliant satirical interpretation, and ethical-political, speaking for a priest tutor. And as reported by Stendhal in his great Journey to Italy, the United Pontifical any strangeness, incoherence, injustice or tyranny, there was a barber, a pharmacist, a professor, a shopkeeper, an artisan, or complaints that the wonder of a stranger or foreign tourist, as if to split their responsibilities by opening his arms apologized: "What do you, sir, here we are ruled by priests." So here. With the aggravating circumstance of cynicism rather than dell'autoironia: in this case to speak, in fact, even a teacher-priest (as the "don")

SPQR
that being, eg, CCU, r, inarberate
sur de Guaso oggni palace gate, I know those
cquattro letters der fuck that nun
Vonn of ggnente, spelled. But
M'aricordo That Shakes dda boyfriend,
cuanno to read fforza de lashes,
I always found them stuck
drent'in dell'abbeccé tAll in a bunch. One day
Arfin me you got the flair
de dimannanne a bit 'in the spiegazzione
ddon Furgenzio that was me er' teacher. Here
mm'arispose Don Furgenzio:
"Vonn of Ste lettre, SSOR zomarone,
Suns rreggneno priests here: and ssilenzio.
Rome, May 4, 1833

version. SPQR. That being, pi, qu, r, hoisting the door of almost every building, are all letters that are worthless and mean nothing spelled. I remember as a boy, however, that, when read by dint of whipping, I found them sempre tutte insieme nell’abbeccedario. Un giorno finalmente mi venne il desiderio di chiederne la spiegazione a don Fulgenzio, [il prete] che era il mio maestro. Ecco che mi rispose don Fulgenzio: "Queste lettere vogliono dire, sor somarone, Solo Preti Qui Regnano". E silenzio".

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Pope man or woman? Una sedia forata permette di accertarlo

Jean era una giovane donna inglese bella e colta. Come mai finì in un convento maschile travestita da monaco? Questo è il punto. Se riusciamo a trovare una risposta a questa domanda, poi non ci sarà difficile rispondere al secondo quesito: come diavolo fece a farsi eleggere Papa?
Dopo sette anni di ricerche, la scrittrice americana Donna Woolfolk Cross, docente di letteratura, In 1996 he released the first edition of a book (" Pope Joan") on the controversial figure of Pope Joan. Text that has been the subject of the film by Sönke Wortmann " Päpstin Die" (The High Priestess), presented at the Berlin Film Festival in 2009 and released in May of this year (2010) in Italy.
Now, together with the film, the book also appeared in Italy by a publisher who the world of beauty esteem, for two reasons: 1. also deals with things Roman and Rome than once (and when it was called Avanzini & Torraca published the first paperback edition of the Sonnets with hints of Cagli), 2. makes beautiful books, well made, well printed, that do not break, and cheaply (The High Priestess , Newton Compton, 2010, € 4.90).
the United States, beginning the book did not sell many copies: The publisher, as often happens, was too lazy: do not believe it. The Cross was decided to take the field personally and to engage the public on the subject intriguing and modern "young woman trying to overcome the social conventions and gender stereotypes by relying on his intelligence and tenacity." The idea was successful. There was already, in 1972, the first film adaptation of the story of Pope Joan (with Liv Ullmann in the role of Joan, with the participation of Olivia de Havilland and Trevor Howard in the role Pope Leo). Now is the feature film shown at the "Berlinale" based on the book of the Cross. The writer was able to take advantage of the reputation that comes from the cinema for a reprint of the first revised edition (see cover image).
writer Lawrence Durrell, who was not only English but in his youth had been in the Secret Service, and therefore not used to drink anything, he rebuilt the medieval ambience in which he could be a possible story that would be impossible today. An orphan girl but acute intelligence, adopted by a preacher who monaco travel throughout Europe, the dresses as a friar in order to protect the rapists, allows her to enter the monastery of Fulda, makes studying in Mainz (Mainz, Rhineland). Gradually becomes learned in theology to impress bishops, cardinals and the Sacred College, who had never seen such a wonder. And here is the name of Johannes Anglicus make a prodigious career in the church, to ascend the papal throne under the name of John VIII. (The Pope Joan , Longanesi 1973). The first and only female pope in history.
But is it history? The story would happen to the 850 to 855 of our era, just after the pontificate of Pope Leo IV Benedict III or before, that in the few months of his pontificate would be worried - he says the popular tradition - to eliminate thoroughly any document or evidence of the name of the intruder. To complete the complaint, the name of Pope John VIII, that of the female pope, Pope was used by a slightly later (in 872). A sign that the wound, shame, still burning, otherwise what was the need to resume the same name and number? A rage, a true damnatio memoriae, which is permitted more than one suspect.
"We are quite certain documents," "could," says the official church today. Objection and the other popes of that period we have historical documents safe? Many are just names. Those were
not forget the centuries of the darkest and most chaotic storia dell’Occidente. I famigerati "secoli bui" dell’Alto Medioevo, bui non solo perché se ne sa poco, ma anche perché all'opposto del "secolo dei Lumi", il Settecento, illuminato dalla luce della Ragione, erano dominati dalle tenebre del caos e del delitto, della violenza e della superstizione. Visti con gli occhi di oggi, tutto appare possibile in quei lunghissimi nove secoli, quando nel disfacimento dello Stato romano che proprio la Chiesa di Roma aveva fatto crollare con la carica eversiva del suo fanatismo, i vescovi erano di fatto le uniche autorità politiche e amministrative sul territorio. La Chiesa si trovò a riunire nelle proprie mani l’unico vero potere politico ed economico della Penisola. La professione di Roman Church was not at all a spiritual office, who assured them that he wanted gold, castles, titles and power. The election of the popes was often by chance, when not directly depend on political and military balance of power of local lords and aristocrats, for reasons that had nothing to do with religion, nor with the sanctity of life of cardinals and popes .
"The chronicles of the time are full of murders, coups, revolts of the building. The clergy, left to itself, mired in corruption. The Popes and bishops living in a luxury Thousand and One Nights. They lived in palaces of marble and glittering gold. It is surrounded by servants e concubine, imbandivano mense degne di Trimalcione, organizzavano concerti, danze e feste mascherate (...). La Chiesa, lacerata da lotte intestine e prigioniera della sua mondanizzazione, non era mai caduta tanto in basso". Marozia, una donna di Spoleto sfrenatamente sensuale e ambiziosissima, divenne l'amante di papi e principi e comandò a lungo su Roma e sulla Chiesa. Il suo amante papa Sergio III arrivò al punto da far strangolare i suoi avversari. Papa Giovanni X che si era opposto al matrimonio di Marozia con un conte Guido, fu deposto e lasciato morire di fame in carcere. Marozia impose come papa il giovanissimo figlio avuto da papa Sergio III. Si chiamò Giovanni XI, ed aveva solo dodici anni. (I.Montanelli e R.Gervaso, L'Italia of the Dark Ages, Rizzoli, Milan 1965).
Imagine if he could cause a major scandal, the election of a pope and women, albeit in disguise. Seen through the eyes of today, a woman disguised as a man in that environment, as well as being technically feasible given the effeminacy of many clergymen, was, after all, an accident, a venial sin. The history of the popes of that time is full of blackmail, charges and testimony violent murders. Other than masked. Just scroll down the list of the popes before and after the "Pope Joan" to notice a worrying fact: almost all strangely remained in office a few years or months, often deposed by force or died prematurely in a mysterious and suspicious. Yet we know that were on average younger and more vital of the popes of today. The duration of the pontificate of Pope Joan is quite in line with the average duration of the popes of the time: two years. So how do you explain so fiercely suspicious of the Church to deny, to erase, to censure any trace? With the ancient contempt for the Christian woman, a shame that apparently exceeds that for the crimes, robberies and lust.
The Church today denies it, of course, that the hundreds of papers and citations on a woman to be elected pope were valid, and points to a "campaign anti-papist," perhaps of the English press. There were already the Reformers and anti-clericals in 800 AD? No, but the Church fa notare che stampe e documenti risalgono per lo più al tardo Medioevo e al primo Rinascimento.
Vero è, invece, che i primi a darne notizia furono proprio i religiosi, e non i perfidi inglesi, ma i francesi don Giovanni di Metz, studioso domenicano della Lorena, nel 1240, e poi il confratello don Martino di Troppau che he nel suo Chronicon pontificum et imperatorum parla di Johanna, originaria di Mainz o dell'Inghilterra.
"Si trattava di un papa o piuttosto di una papessa, perché era donna. Travestendosi da uomo grazie al proprio ingegno diventò dapprima segretario della Curia romana, poi cardinale ed infine papa", si legge a proposito di una Johanna inglese o nativa di Mainz nella Chronica Universalis brother of Jean de Mailly (ca. 1250).
and hundreds of prints, quotes, writings, including prestigious intellectuals, who give to the Pope Joan really existed. Like those of the famous philosopher and Franciscan theologian William of Ockham. In the cathedral of Siena, his image appears in one of the real popes. The great Boccaccio, the father of Italian language and great collector of curious tales in the Decameron , wrote in his De claris mulieribus (The famous women): So for him the female pope was a "famous women" really existed . But it also speaks platinum, which was not a humanist, whatever, but it was the intellectual confidence of several popes and was made prefect of the Vatican Library by Pope Sixtus IV.
In short, although there is no evidence or if there were destroyed, the cards, all repeated entries and consistent (in the pure legends, however, the variations are endless and conflicting at the end), in short all quotes that speak to her are too many clues - an investigator would say - because the Pope Joan could easily be considered, as it sees today the Church, a wholly invented character, and does not contain much or some truth.
Meanwhile, as the Church denied the extraordinary event of the pope and women, took steps to protect themselves from possible future disguises. The popular imagination magnified forse l’importanza della cerimonia, ma certo questa sembrava fatta apposta per rassicurare non solo il popolino ma anche i cardinali, la Curia e l’intera comunità ecclesiale. E se non ci fosse stato il precedente della papessa Giovanna – argomentarono i critici della Chiesa di Roma – l’intero rito sarebbe stato inutile, anzi grottesco e perfino offensivo per la dignità del papa neoletto e dei cardinali coinvolti.
In che cosa consisteva? In una prova molto rozza, al limite della volgarità. Il papa, dopo l’elezione veniva fatto sedere su un’apposita sedia di porfido rosso con un largo foro sul pianale. Un bell’esemplare è conservato nei Musei Vaticani ( v. immagine ). Si An elegant chair "excretory" of Roman origin, probably a relic of latrines luxury spa removed from who knows what areas reserved for VIPs at the time, the rich patricians, or by other "seat from birth" for ladies (in Antiquity was much used the "birth sitting").
Well, seated on the special chair, the pope was neo-key through the hole in the lower parts by a deacon or the youngest cardinal of the Conclave, which introduced the arm to a side opening. And if the investigation was successful, exclaimed loudly: " Virgam et testiculos Habet !" ("He has a penis and testicles"). And all the church respond in chorus: " Deo Gratias "(" Thank God "). Only then will proceed to the consecration of the pope-elect. (Hamerlin F., et Rusticitate and finished De Dialogus (ca.1490)." He has two balls, and They Are well hung "(" She has two balls and well-hung "), was instead the report of a cardinal, almost taste physician, according to the Swedish traveler L. Banck who had witnessed the coronation of Pope Innocent X in 1644 ( see the old print taken from his report), as reported by P. Stanford, The Legend of Pope Joan , Berkley Books, New York 1999, pp.11-12.
It said there was "not here Testiculos Pope Habet they do not posset "(F. Sorrentino, test of manhood, in "Middle Ages", De Agostini, No. 7, 2008 pp.90 et seq.). Which means, translated into simple terms for the use of ambitious ecclesiastics of yesterday and today: you can also have a big head, but if you do not have testicles, forget the Papacy! Which is really a misuse of the gonads. And the law of "equal opportunities" raises disturbing parallels. It would be like saying that if certain groups of men have the power thanks to the hilt, then, carrying the women's reasoning, why would escort women interns or "small virtues" in a career, money or politics with the vagina.
A confirmation on the role of the chair also comes from Teologia portatile o Dizionario abbreviato della Religione Cristiana del barone d'Holbach, acuminato redattore delle voci religiose della Encyclopédie di Diderot e d’Alembert. Definisce la sedia stercoraria come "sedia bucata su cui il pontefice appena eletto pone le sue sacre terga, affinché possa essere verificato il suo sesso, onde evitare l'inconveniente di una papessa".
Ma Bartolomeo Sacchi (il famoso "Plàtina" autore del libro di gastronomia De honesta voluptate et valetudine, tratto dal grande cuoco Martino da Como), era un umanista di Curia a stipendio dei Papi, e per di più prefetto della Biblioteca Vaticana. Quindi non poteva rischiare. E infatti, ricorda la sedia dung in vague and hypocritical: "This chair was designed so that one who is hit by a power so great to know that he is not God but a man, and therefore is subject to the needs of nature."
where "nature" does not quite know which of the three functions of the chair with holes Platina intended focus, if the shit, the bear - but then, the Pope Joan was fine! - Or have (and use if necessary) in order to generate the testicles. Generate? And always go back there. The language of the Church fights where the tooth aches.
fact is that even where trustworthy Platina puts the fateful chair bored? In his Life of Pope Joan, by chance, thereby strengthening and at the highest level instead of a link that excludes the Church today. For CoE 'Onofrio had a religious rite, but not being able to climb on mirrors rises in his chair. For him it is a "birthing chair," and none would symbolize the Holy Mother Church which "generates" ( aridaje! ) her children destined for eternal life ( thousand years of legend: A woman on the throne of Peter , Romana Soc.Ed 1978). In addition, the seventeenth-century historian and pastor D. Blondel denied that the perforated seat served to prove the existence of the Pope's testicles.
The ritual of the chair would have been drilled in force until 1513. Indeed the seats on which to lay the pontifical Terga were two - remember A. Boureau - called "curule seats. But, objectively, the ritual curulis seat, reserved for more senior judges Etruscans and Romans in the ceremonies could not be of marble, because it was originally folded in short, a seat carved and gilded wood in the shape of X. However, the first seat the newly elected pope had received the scepter of command and the keys of St. Peter, the second a red belt from which hung twelve stones. E 'probable that the ancient commentators and common people are impressed by these perforated seats and have them connected to the story, or rather the legend of Pope Joan ( The Pope Joan. History una leggenda medievale , Einaudi 1991).

A proposito, come andò a finire la papessa? A Giovanna Angelica (così la chiama il Boccaccio) fu dato per segretario un giovane prete, erudito e raffinato, che standole sempre accanto finì per per scoprire il suo vero sesso. Così narra la storia. Ma il dramma, anzi il colpo di teatro, si compì in pubblico durante la processione di Pasqua. Tornando il Papa in Laterano, quando il corteo papale era vicino alla basilica di San Clemente, il cavallo che portava la Pontefice si imbizzarrì per la folla plaudente che stringeva la processione, e per lo spavento Giovanna ebbe doglie violente e un parto prematuro. Immenso lo scandalo. La folla - racconta la storia - fu impietosa, attribuendo il parto ad un prodigio del diavolo. La papessa fu fatta trascinare per i piedi da un cavallo e poi lapidata a morte nei pressi di Ripa Grande. Un dettaglio della leggenda vorrebbe che sulla sua tomba fosse stato inciso un verso che ricorda l’occultismo satanista: Petre Pater Patrum Papissa Pandito Partum . Parole attribuite ad un indemoniato durante il passaggio della papessa. Ma qui siamo in pieno esoterismo.
Sul luogo in cui fu svelata la vera natura della papessa, all’angolo tra via dei SS. Quattro Coronati e Via dei Querceti, fu eratta una piccola edicola votiva tuttora esistente, buia e in stato d'abbandono, nota come il "Sacello". E' chiusa da un'inferriata e risale almeno all’XI secolo. Ma nel Seicento also the route of the ancient Easter procession was denied by G. Blondel. According to him, the traditional papal procession on Easter about 800 did not pass in the street where, according to popular history - all believed to be true until the end of Rinaascimento - would take place the birth of Pope Joan.
Vera, legendary or symbolic-that teaching is the story, remains its clear semantic meaning: the obsession of the people of the Church and its hierarchy, violent and confused at a time when the ecclesiastical power is required as more and more power politically and economically, to the sexuality of the Pope, the Vicar of God, yes, but also dangerously man and woman, in which Satan was always ready to incarnate. Three fears - the sex, the woman and the devil - that have fueled almost to the day notri the fanaticism of the Church of Rome, and that the story of Joan had the merit of synthesizing and symbolize perfection. Giuseppe Gioachino Belli
And how does it get twisted in this adventure? Like Boccaccio, he could not miss such a wonderful story of the popular, and said in a sonnet with the usual synthesis of a virtual sculpture and ignorant Roman citizen:
.
the High Priestess was GGIUVANNA
ppropio woman. Bbuttò vvia 'r smock
first of all and ss'ingaggiò ssordato;
double if Fesce priest, then bishop, and ppoi
bishop, and Arfin Cardinale.
E cquanno er Papa maschio stiede male,
e mmorze, c’è cchi ddisce, avvelenato,
fu ffatto Papa lei, e straportato
a Ssan Giuvanni su in zedia papale.
Ma cquà sse ssciorze er nodo a la Commedia;
ché ssanbruto je preseno le dojje,
e sficò un pupo llí ssopra la ssedia.
D’allora st’antra ssedia sce fu mmessa
pe ttastà ssotto ar zito de le vojje
si er pontescife sii Papa o Ppapessa.
26 novembre 1831
.
Versione . La papessa Giovanna. Fu proprio donna. Prima di tutto gettò via il grembiule e divenne soldato, poi si fece prete, poi prelato, then bishop, and finally a cardinal. And when the pope stood evil and male died (some say poisoned) was made pope, and transported her to St. John on the papal chair. But this broke the knot of the play, because abruptly [suddenly] took them into labor and gave birth to a child over a chair. Since then, another chair was introduced, to probe beneath the site if the Pope desires to be Pope or Pope Joan.
.
IMAGES. 1. The manifesto of the German film Die Papstin (published this year in Italy under the title The High Priestess ) based on the book Pope Jean, Donna Woolfolk Cross. 2 . The book cover of the Cross (published in Italy by Piemme). 3. The chair dung in red porphyry, of Roman origin, preserved in the Vatican Museums. 4. Papa-woman with child, a fanciful popular press appeared in Germany. 5. The P apessa painted on a tarot card for the Visconti-Sforza by Bonifacio Bembo (ca. 1450). The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York. The High Priestess, is still one of the most famous tarot cards, portrayed as the "prostitute on the beast" mentioned in Revelation. 6. newly elected Pope Innocent X (1644) is referred to the "chair test" to the question of manhood.